Learn a Chinese Character - 氏 (Shì) - Surname/Clan

1. 基本特征 (Character Basics)

部首: 氏（自身为部首） (radical: 氏 itself)

笔画数: 4 (4 strokes)

结构分解: 象形字，像古代氏族的标志（上半部分为旗帜，下半部分为底座），本义指氏族、姓氏 (pictogram resembling an ancient clan symbol (upper part: flag, lower part: base), originally meaning clan or surname)

笔顺:

2. 发音 (Pronunciation)

拼音: Shì (fourth tone)

3. 含义 (Meaning)

氏作名词时指古代氏族的称号（如"姬氏"），后指姓氏（如"张氏"）或对名人的尊称（如"神农氏"） (Noun: ancient clan title (e.g., "Ji Clan"); Surname (e.g., "Zhang"); Honorific for notable figures (e.g., "Shennong"))

4. 常用词汇 (Common Words)

• 姓氏 (xìng shì) - surname
• 氏族 (shì zú) - clan
• 和氏璧 (hé shì bì) - He's Jade (famous ancient jade)
• 神农氏 (shén nóng shì) - Shennong (mythical agricultural deity)

5. 语法与用法 (Grammar & Usage)

作名词时可受形容词修饰（如"古老的氏族"）；常与"姓""族"等词搭配（如"姓氏""氏族"） (Noun: modified by adjectives (e.g., "ancient clan"); often paired with "姓/族" (e.g., "surname/clan"))

6. 文化背景 (Cultural Background)

古代"姓"表血缘（如"姬""姜"），"氏"表身份（如"鲁氏""韩氏"），《通志·氏族略》载"姓别婚姻，氏别贵贱"；秦后姓氏合一，"氏"演变为现代姓氏的统称 (In ancient times, "姓" (surname) indicated bloodline (e.g., "Ji", "Jiang"), while "氏" (clan name) indicated status (e.g., "Lu", "Han"). As recorded in "Tongzhi·Shizu Lue", "Surnames distinguish marriages, clan names distinguish nobility". After the Qin Dynasty, surname and clan name merged, with "氏" evolving into the modern term for surname)

7. 例句 (Example Sentence)

8. 记忆技巧 (Memory Tips)

"氏"的字形像一面飘扬的旗帜（上半部分）立在底座（下半部分）上，想象古代氏族用旗帜作为标志，通过"旗帜+底座=氏族"的画面轻松记住含义 ("氏" resembles a flag (upper part) standing on a base (lower part). Imagine ancient clans using flags as symbols, associating "flag + base" to remember the meaning of "氏")