Chinese Character: 申 (Shēn - Declare/Extend)
1. 基本特征 (Character Basics)
部首: 田（田字部） (radical: field)
笔画数: 5 (5 strokes)
结构分解: 象形字，甲骨文像闪电的形状（中间竖线为闪电主体，两侧短横为分叉），本义指闪电，后引申为伸展、说明（如"申述"） (pictogram resembling lightning in oracle bone script (vertical line as main bolt, short lines as branches), originally meaning lightning, extended to extend/declare (e.g., "explain"))
笔顺:
2. 发音 (Pronunciation)
拼音: Shēn (first tone)
3. 含义 (Meaning)
申指伸展（如"伸张"）、说明（如"申述"）、请求（如"申请"） (Extend: stretch (e.g., "uphold"); Declare: explain (e.g., "explain"); Request: apply (e.g., "apply"))
4. 常用词汇 (Common Words)
- 申请 (shēn qǐng) - apply
- 申报 (shēn bào) - declare
- 伸展 (shēn zhǎn) - stretch
- 申诉 (shēn sù) - appeal
5. 语法与用法 (Grammar & Usage)
作动词时多表主动说明或伸展（如"申冤"），常与"请""报"等词组合（如"申请""申报"） (Verb: actively explain or stretch (e.g., "redress a grievance"); often combined with "请/报" (e.g., "apply", "declare"))
6. 文化背景 (Cultural Background)
"申"是十二地支之一（第九位），与生肖猴对应，古代用于计时（申时，15-17点）；现代"申请""申报"体现社会规则中的正式沟通，是日常行政事务的高频词 ("申" is the 9th of the 12 Earthly Branches, corresponding to the monkey zodiac, used for timekeeping in ancient times (3-5 PM). Modern "申请/申报" reflect formal communication in social rules, high-frequency in administrative affairs)
7. 例句 (Example Sentence)
他向学校申请了奖学金。(Tā xiàng xué xiào shēn qǐng le jiǎng xué jīn.)
He applied for a scholarship to the school.
这条蛇在阳光下伸展身体。(Zhè tiáo shé zài yáng guāng xià shēn zhǎn shēn tǐ.)
The snake stretched its body in the sunlight.
8. 记忆技巧 (Memory Tips)
"申"的字形像闪电或伸展的手臂，想象闪电劈开天空（伸展）或用手臂比划说明（申报），轻松记住"伸展、申报"的含义 ("申" is shaped like lightning or an outstretched arm. Imagine lightning splitting the sky (extend) or using arms to explain (declare), making it easy to remember)